Table 4.
Summary of associations between forest-based interventions and health effects/outcomes in immune and inflammatory parameters.
| Health Effects/ Outcomes | Forest-Based Interventions | Reference of Association (+) | Reference of Association (+/−) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immune and/orinflammatory parameters | NK/NKT cells | Walking in forest area | Oh, B. et al. (2017) [19] | |
| Walking in forest area | Wen, Y. et al. (2019) [36] | |||
| Cytokines | Walking in forest area | Oh, B. et al. (2017) [19] | ||
| Walking in forest area; exposed to forest | Wen, Y. et al. (2019) [36] | |||
| CRP | Walking in forest area | Oh, B. et al. (2017) [19] | ||
| Walking in forest area | Wen, Y. et al. (2019) [36] | |||
| Tumour necrosis factor | Walking in forest area | Oh, B. et al. (2017) [19] | ||
| Walking in forest area; exposed to forest | Wen, Y. et al. (2019) [36] | |||
| Antioxidants | Walking in forest area | Oh, B. et al. (2017) [19] | ||
| Walking and meditation in forest area; exposed to forest | Wen, Y. et al. (2019) [36] |
CRP: C-reactive protein; NK cells: natural killer cells/NKT cells: natural killer T-cells; +: mainly improvement; +/−: mixed results.