Table 2.
The YGTSS for the BIP TIC ERP and BIP TIC HRT groups at all measure points
| YGTSS | BIP TIC ERP (n=12) | BIP TIC HRT (n=11) | ||||
| Mean (SD)* | Within-group difference† | Within-group effect size‡ | Mean (SD)* | Within-group difference† | Within-group effect size‡ | |
| Coefficient (95% CI); p value | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI); p value | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | |||
| Total Tic Severity Score | ||||||
| Baseline | 23.75 (5.26) | – | – | 23.45 (6.88) | – | – |
| Post-treatment | 19.00 (7.48) | −4.75 (−8.18 to −1.32); p=0.007¶ | 0.73 (-0.10 to 1.56) | 21.18 (6.19) | −2.27 (−5.65 to 1.11); p=0.187 | 0.35 (−0.50 to 1.19) |
| 3-month follow-up§ | 18.25 (4.54) | −5.50 (−8.93 to −2.07); p=0.002¶ | 1.12 (0.24 to 1.97) | 20.18 (6.21) | −3.27 (−6.65 to 0.11); p=0.058 | 0.50 (−0.36 to 1.34) |
| 6-month follow-up | 15.00 (7.01) | −3.25 (−6.37 to −0.13); p=0.041¶ | 0.55 (−0.27 to 1.36) | 19.45 (7.47) | −0.73 (−3.71 to 2.26); p=0.633 | 0.11 (−0.73 to 0.94) |
| 12-month follow-up | 16.92 (5.55) | −1.33 (−4.46 to 1.79); p=0.403 | 0.26 (−0.54 to 1.06) | 19.36 (8.48) | −0.82 (−3.80 to 2.17); p=0.591 | 0.11 (−0.73 to 0.95) |
| Motor Tic Severity | ||||||
| Baseline | 14.42 (1.73) | – | – | 15.27 (1.85) | – | – |
| Post-treatment | 11.42 (4.17) | −3.00 (−4.85 to −1.15); p=0.001¶ | 0.94 (0.08 to 1.78) | 13.18 (2.27) | −2.09 (−3.65 to −0.53); p=0.009¶ | 1.01 (0.11 to 1.89) |
| 3-month follow-up§ | 12.33 (1.97) | −2.08 (−3.93 to −0.24); p=0.027¶ | 1.12 (0.25 to 1.98) | 12.55 (2.70) | −2.73 (−4.29 to −1.17); p=0.001¶ | 1.18 (0.26 to 2.08) |
| 6-month follow-up | 9.67 (5.05) | −2.67 (−4.69 to −0.64); p=0.010¶ | 0.70 (−0.14 to 1.51) | 12.55 (2.58) | 0.00 (−1.25 to 1.25); p=1.000 | 0.00 (−0.84 to 0.84) |
| 12-month follow-up | 10.58 (1.73) | −1.75 (−3.77 to 0.27): p=0.090 | 0.94 (0.09 to 1.78) | 12.36 (3.17) | −0.18 (−1.43 to 1.07); p=0.775 | 0.06 (−0.77 to 0.90) |
| Vocal Tic Severity | ||||||
| Baseline | 9.33 (4.98) | – | – | 8.18 (6.19) | – | – |
| Post-treatment | 7.58 (4.01) | −1.75 (−4.17 to 0.67); p=0.156 | 0.39 (−0.43 to 1.19) | 8.00 (5.37) | −0.18 (−2.71 to 2.34); p=0.888 | 0.03 (−0.80 to 0.87) |
| 3-month follow-up§ | 5.92 (4.72) | −3.42 (−5.84 to −1.00; p=0.006¶ | 0.70 (−0.13 to 1.52) | 7.64 (4.76) | −0.55 (−3.07 to 1.98); p=0.672 | 0.10 (−0.74 to 0.93) |
| 6-month follow-up | 5.33 (4.68) | −0.58 (−2.57 to 1.40); p=0.564 | 0.12 (−0.68 to 0.92) | 6.91 (5.68) | −0.73 (−2.85 to 1.40); p=0.503 | 0.14 (−0.70 to 0.97) |
| 12-month follow-up | 6.33 (5.42) | 0.42 (−1.57 to 2.40); p=0.680 | −0.08 (−0.88 to 0.72) | 7.00 (6.08) | −0.64 (−2.76 to 1.49); p=0.558 | 0.12 (−0.72 to 0.95) |
| Impairment | ||||||
| Baseline | 16.67 (6.51) | – | – | 17.27 (7.86) | – | – |
| Post-treatment | 6.67 (7.78) | −10.00 (−13.83 to −6.17); p<0.001¶ | 1.39 (0.48 to 2.28) | 10.00 (7.75) | −7.27 (−12.18 to −2.37); p=0.004¶ | 0.93 (0.04 to 1.81) |
| 3-month follow-up§ | 4.17 (5.15) | −12.50 (−16.33 to −8.67); p<0.001¶ | 2.13 (1.10 to 3.13) | 8.18 (9.82) | −9.09 (−14.00 to −4.19); p<0.001¶ | 1.02 (0.12 to 1.90) |
| 6-month follow-up | 1.67 (3.89) | −2.50 (−5.25 to 0.25); p=0.075 | 0.55 (−0.27 to 1.36) | 7.27 (9.05) | −0.91 (−3.39 to 1.57); p=0.473 | 0.10 (−0.74 to 0.93) |
| 12-month follow-up | 1.67 (3.89) | −2.50 (−5.25 to 0.25); p=0.075 | 0.55 (−0.27 to 1.36) | 7.27 (10.09) | −0.91 (−3.39 to 1.57); p=0.473 | 0.09 (−0.75 to 0.93) |
*Observed means.
†Coefficients at post-treatment and at the 3-month follow-up compare with baseline, while coefficients at the 6-month and 12-month follow-ups compare with the 3-month follow-up.
‡All Cohen’s d effect sizes are calculated from observed data. Post-treatment and the 3-month follow-up effect sizes compare to baseline, while the 6-month and 12-month follow-up effect sizes compare to the 3-month follow-up. Effect sizes of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 are considered small, moderate and large, respectively.
§Primary endpoint.
¶Significant at an alpha level of 0.05.